While the consequences of the new international IPRs regime represented by TRIPS are still to be seen, there is growing disquiet about it among many developing countries and public interest groups. The immediate costs—in terms of money, skills, and people needed to implement the rules, and the likely net transfer of money from developing to developed countries—look to be high. Any benefits are likely to accrue to the larger countries with technological infrastructure. Moreover, there is a lingering sense of anger at the unequal nature of the negotiation process that led to and continues to affect the outcome of international rule-making. As the importance and broad impact of the IPR regime on development is becoming more widely understood, it is leading to a much wider interest in IPRs. Increasingly, this area will no longer be left to the lawyers and the vested interests involved to make policy but will involve a wider section of society, both nationally and internationally. Only then will a better balance be struck between broader public interests and the specific interests of IPR holders.